Tram travel in history and beyond

Tag: history

  • The Tram cars of Porto

    The Tram cars of Porto

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    Ernst Kers
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    The history of the many types of Porto tram cars is complex. On other pages the individual types will be discussed. On this page is an overview about their common history.

  • Brill-28 Plataforma Salão

    Brill-28 Plataforma Salão

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    Ernst Kers
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    In 1938 (re)construction of the Brill-28 ceased in favour of reconstruction into the Brill-28 Plataforma Salão model. In total 24 to 26 were made until 1946. Work on the last one only began short before take over by the STCP on 1 July 1946 and the car was only ready after this date.

  • Brill-28

    Brill-28

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    Ernst Kers
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    To get cars with more capacity the CCFP started about 1925 to widen Brill-23 cars from 2.20 m to 2.40 m. This made it possible to have the seats in a 2+2 arrangement instead of the old 2+1. The seating capacity became 28. Not only were old Brill-23 cars reconstructed, new cars of the Brill-28…

  • Belgas

    Belgas

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    Ernst Kers
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    After the 1928 Boavista fire ten new tramcars were acquired from Familleureux in Nivelles, Belgium. Delivered late in 1928, most entered service in the beginning of 1929. The bodies with large windows and without clerestory roofs are completely different from the American style, which was normally used in Portugal. The CCFP numbered the Belgas as…

  • Brill-bogie trams of 1926/8

    Brill-bogie trams of 1926/8

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    Ernst Kers
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    In 1926 the workshops of the CCFP constructed two new bogie cars inspired by the car delivered by Brill in 1904.These cars were wider than the original and got extended platforms. They had the numbers 200 & 201. In 1928 six more cars were constructed. These were a few centimetres wider and longer and numbered…

  • Fumista trailers

    Fumista trailers

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    Ernst Kers
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    In 1934 the workshops made three trailers of the Fumista type. Trailer use with the CCFP was limited to the lines 1 and 5. The STCP used these trailers also on line 9// after through running to Gaia was abandoned by suppressing line 14/. They were withdrawn from service in 1966.

  • Pipis and Pipizinhos

    Pipis and Pipizinhos

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    Ernst Kers
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    When taking over the old tram system of the CCFP in 1946, the STCP wanted to modernise the old fleet. As available funds were insufficient to acquire new trams from abroad, new constructions were limited to simple cars with antique types of trucks and electric equipment. A tram set consisting of motor car + trailer…

  • Fumistas-bogie

    Fumistas-bogie

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    Ernst Kers
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    In December 1930 the workshops started the construction of four cars, which were the bogie version of the Fumistas. The very deep windows however could be removed during the summer period. When open it was allowed to smoke in the cars, which gave them their nickname. Converting the cars twice a year was abandoned in…

  • Fumistas

    Fumistas

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    Ernst Kers
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    Probably inspired by the Belgas the workshops constructed in 1929 and 1930 sixteen 4-wheel cars with the same type of modern roofs as the Belgas. The very deep windows however were in the more American style, although not of the semi-convertible construction as the Brill cars. Instead of that the windows could be removed during…

  • Carro 500

    Carro 500

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    Ernst Kers
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    In 1951 the workshops of Boavista built a prototype for the intended new generation of trams including double-ended modern bogie cars. In the end these new cars were never built.

  • Brill-32

    Brill-32

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    Ernst Kers
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    In the years 1926-1928 the workshops constructed 12 cars equal to the Brill-28 type but with an extended saloon with eight windows at each side instead of seven. These trams seated 32.

  • Brill-23

    Brill-23

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    Ernst Kers
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    In 1909 the CCFP ordered 20 cars from Brill. These four-wheel cars were built to the Brill patented “grooveless post” semi-convertible design. Together with the Carros Ingleses these were the first tramcars with windscreens.

  • Carros Ingleses

    Carros Ingleses

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    Ernst Kers
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    In 1909 the CCFP ordered five cars with 7 drop windows each side from UEC of Preston in England. Together with the 4-wheel Brills these were the first tramcars with windscreens. The original numbering was 202-206, but was in 1913 changed to 296-300. The electric equipment came from Siemens-Schuckert. 296-299 got new Siemens D58 motors…

  • The Brill bogie tram of 1904

    The Brill bogie tram of 1904

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    Ernst Kers
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    In 1904 from J G Brill Philadelphia an order was done for a Brill patent “grooveless post” semi-convertible car on Brill 27G bogies. The car was intended to be used on the “Marginal” (line 1) and got four Siemens motors because of the 10% incline at the East side of the Jardim do Infante. The…

  • The 7-window Constructora trams

    The 7-window Constructora trams

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    Ernst Kers
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    In 1907 A Constructora made two new tramcars with seven windows at each side and seating for 23 with transverse benches. These cars got the numbers 199-200. In the same period the workshops of the CCFP converted 6-window tramcar no.46 as well into a similar 7-window car. This car got the number 201 and had…

  • The 6-window Constructora trams

    The 6-window Constructora trams

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    Ernst Kers
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    In 1904-1906 A Constructora delivered 24 cars with six windows on both sides and seats for 22 on 2 longitudinal benches of 5.22 m. The trucks came from Brill, the motors and controllers from Siemens. These were the last “Risca ao Meio” type cars. They were numbered 43-54, 57-66 and 68-69. Car no.46 was in…

  • The Bogie Trailers of the Porto Trams

    The Bogie Trailers of the Porto Trams

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    Ernst Kers
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    The body of trailer 1 was, together with the small body which was used for CE 250, made in 1909 by A Constructora without having received a firm order. After some discussion the CCFP acquired both bodies, used the large one for trailer 1 and ordered from A Constructora six more bodies of this type…

  • The open electric trams of Porto

    The open electric trams of Porto

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    Ernst Kers
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    In 1903 the workshops converted an open mule car to an electric car for service on the longest lines. It got the number 40 and made a successful test run on 21 February 1904. The fate of this car is a mystery as it was not reported anymore after 1904.

  • The first eléctricos of Porto

    The first eléctricos of Porto

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    Ernst Kers
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    Like any other major tram system, Porto put over time a number of different types of trams in service. This page is about the first generation of electric trams in Porto, the types entering service between 1895 and 1903.

  • The Porto Electric Tram Network, the STCP years since 1946

    The Porto Electric Tram Network, the STCP years since 1946

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    Ernst Kers
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    The first electric tramline in Porto was opened in 1895. Until 1946 the network was operated by the CCFP: Companhia Carris de Ferro do Porto. This was a private company. In 1946 the operations were taken over by the municipal owned STCP: Serviço de Transportes Colectivos do Porto (now Sociedade de Transportes Colectivos do Porto)…

  • The Porto Electric Tram Network, the CCFP years 1895-1946

    The Porto Electric Tram Network, the CCFP years 1895-1946

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    Ernst Kers
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    The first electric tramline in Porto was opened in 1895. Until 1946 the network was operated by the CCFP: Companhia Carris de Ferro do Porto. This was a private company. In 1946 the operations were taken over by the municipal owned STCP: Serviço de Transportes Colectivos do Porto (now Sociedade de Transportes Colectivos do Porto)…

  • The Porto Freight Trams

    The Porto Freight Trams

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    Ernst Kers
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    On few urban tram systems freight trams were operated. There were urban systems having transport of a single type of goods over a single route, but Porto was exceptional with significant transport of many different kinds of freight with sidings for (un)loading scattered over most of the network. This page gives an overview, although not…

  • Praça da Liberdade

    Praça da Liberdade

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    Ernst Kers
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    Praça da Liberdade, until 1910 Praça Dom Pedro IV, is the heart of the city of Porto. When the first mule trams arrived here in 1875, the Northern side was still occupied by the old city-hall. Most mule trams did not have their terminus on Praça, but continued to another destination. There were only single…

  • The Mule (horse) Tram period

    The Mule (horse) Tram period

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    Ernst Kers
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    Porto, like many other cities, developed a horse tram system in the last decades of the 19th century, although instead of horses mainly mules were used to haul the vehicles. This page tells the history of these first trams of Porto. There is a separate page about the oldest tram vehicles.

  • The Oldest Porto Tramcars

    The Oldest Porto Tramcars

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    by

    Ernst Kers
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    The history of the oldest Porto tramcars is very complicated, but partly also obscure. They were hauled by both mules and steam locomotives. Later part of them were transformed into electric trams while the others continued as trailers of the electric trams. The majority was disposed of during the second decade of the twentieth century,…

  • The Porto Steam Trams

    The Porto Steam Trams

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    Ernst Kers
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    In Porto, like in most cities before electric trams were introduced, horse trams provided the urban public transport, although in Porto more often mules were used. Steam trams were used in many cities too, most on busy suburban routes. Porto was one of the cities in Europe using steam locomotives for trams. This page is…

  • Merryweather and Sons, steam tram locomotive builders

    Merryweather and Sons, steam tram locomotive builders

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    by

    Ernst Kers
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    Actually the title of this page is wrong. The major activity of the Merryweather company was always making fire fight equipment. As such it was founded in 1692, although originally with a different name. Over the next 144 years the name changed several times with new owners and associates joining or leaving the firm. Fire…

  • Ponte Luís I

    Ponte Luís I

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    by

    Ernst Kers
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    The Ponte Luís I, often called the Ponte Dom Luís, connects the central parts of Porto and VN de Gaia. It had and has a major role in the public transport of Porto and is one of the most important landmarks of the city. This bridge with two decks was built in the 1880’s as…

  • The Lisboa cable trams

    The Lisboa cable trams

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    Ernst Kers
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    Lisboa is built on hills. Mule or horse trams could only go up the steep gradients with the use of extra animals. As the animals were the largest cost of the whole tram operations, it was a too costly affair to have many or long steep inclines within the network. In 1873 in San Francisco…

  • The funiculars of Lisboa

    The funiculars of Lisboa

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    Ernst Kers
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    The Lisboa funiculars, in Portugal called ascensor or elevador, are part of the urban public transport system. All three were first operated by the NCAML, the same company that also operated the Estrela and Graça cable tramlines. The funiculars are now operated by the CCFL. As the funiculars are in public streets, the cable is…

  • Changing the rule of the road from left to right

    Changing the rule of the road from left to right

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    Ernst Kers
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    Question: I know that Portugal shifted from driving left to right in 1928. I could imagine, that the trams had only left doors when shifting. How did Portugal cope with this? Did the trams continue in the left side for some time, or was it properly planned as in Sweden, where public transportation introduced double…

  • Larmanjat

    Larmanjat

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    Ernst Kers
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    The Larmanjat was a monorail system invented by the french engineer Jean Larmanjat (1826-1895). The system was made of a central vignola type iron rail and at both sides longitudinal wooden sleepers about 60 cm from the central rail. This system was adopted by “The Lisbon Steam Tramways Company ltd“. Locally the system was called “Companhia de…

  • Coimbra trams

    Coimbra trams

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    Ernst Kers
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    Coimbra was one of the five places in Portugal that had an electric tram system. The city is situated about 200 km north of Lisboa and 120 km south of Porto and dates from the Roman period. The oldest part of the city “Alta” or “Almedina” occupies an irregularly-shaped hill overlooking the Rio Mondego. Already…

  • Old black & white photos and how they show the colours

    Old black & white photos and how they show the colours

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    Ernst Kers
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    Because we are used to panchromatic black & white these days, not everyone realises that old photos are often of a different kind of black & white. E.g. a tram on an old photo looking dark, could have been yellow.

  • Braga trams

    Braga trams

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    Ernst Kers
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    Braga was one of the five places in Portugal that had an electric tram system. This very old city, with its roots in the pre-historic period, is situated about 55 km north-east from Porto. Apart from the many monuments in the city itself, one of the most important destinations for visitors is the Santuário do…

  • Sintra trams

    Sintra trams

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    Ernst Kers
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    In 1904 an 11.7 km long metre gauge electric tramline was opened from Sintra (station) to Praia das Maças (Applebeach). An 1.0 km long urban line connected the station in Sintra-Estefânia with Sintra-Vila. Some freight transport existed, mainly between Banzão and the railway station. In the small Banzão depot is still a weigh bridge and…

  • Portugal tram systems

    Portugal tram systems

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    Ernst Kers
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    This is an overview of the tram systems that exist or existed in Portugal.